Alcohol Tobacco vs. Illegal Drugs - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 680 Downloads: 6 Date added: 2017/09/15 Category Health Essay Type Compare and contrast essay Did you like this example? In the article â€Å"Alcohol, Tobacco Worse Than Illegal Drugs† a new British study found that alcohol and tobacco are more dangerous than some illegal narcotics such as marijuana or Ecstasy. Professor David Nutt of Britain’s Bristol University and some colleagues proposed the study and found a new structure for the â€Å"classification of harmful substances based on the actual risk posed to society† (Conroy, 2007). The researchers used three factors to determine how harmful any drug is : â€Å"the physical harm to the user, the drug’s potential for addiction, and the impact on society of drug use† (Conroy, 2007). Then two groups of experts (psychiatrists or medical expertise) were asked to select scores of twenty different drugs. In the rankings, heroin and cocaine were the most dangerous, followed by barbiturates and street methadone. Alcohol ranked the fifth-most dangerous drug, while tobacco ranked the ninth. Surprisingly, cannabis came in the eleventh spot and Ecstasy was near the bottom of the list. Nutt believes that the current British drug system is â€Å"ill thought-out and arbitrary† (Conroy, 2007). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Alcohol Tobacco vs. Illegal Drugs" essay for you Create order Even though different countries use different ways to classify drugs, none of them use a system like Nutt proposed and he hopes that his new system could â€Å"serve as a framework for international authorities† (Conroy, 2007). The information in this article and the study that Professor Nutt conducted are factual. There are more than one article about the study on the internet. In the article it says that alcohol is more harmful than marijuana, which is true. In 2001, there were 331 alcohol overdose deaths and 0 marijuana overdose deaths (CDC, 2004). Also, when marijuana is in its nature form it is â€Å" one of the safest therapeutically active substances known to man† (Kapperler Potter, 2005, p. 199), and that marijuana is â€Å"far safer than many foods we commonly consume†(Kapperler Potter, 2005, p. 199). Alcohol has far more dangerous long-term effects than marijuana such as permanent damage to vital organs, several different types of cancer, high blood pressure, and malnutrition and nutritional deficiencies (Alcohol , 2006). While marijuana smoke contains â€Å"some of the same cancer-causing compounds as tobacco, sometimes in higher concentrations† (Marijuana , 2010). At the top of the charts is cocaine and heroin ,which is also accurate. Cocaine is at the top because it â€Å"is the most powerful natural stimulant available to man† (Kapperler Potter, 2005, p. 194). While heroine is â€Å"the single most abused opiate in the US, and has one of the most serious addiction rates of all illegal drugs† (Heroin: one,). The reasons why these two are so dangerous is because when on heroin the â€Å"mental functioning is slow and disoriented†(Heroin: one, ), and while cocaine can result in â€Å"acute cardiovascular or cerebrovascular emergencies—severe circulation problems to the heart or brain† (Cocaine and crack, ). In the article, it is stated that â€Å"tobacco causes 40 percent of all hospital illnesses, while alcohol is blamed for more than half of all visits to hospital emergency rooms,† and â€Å"the substances also harm society in other ways, damaging families and occupying police services† (Conroy, 2007), which is true. In 2000, the leading cause of death was tobacco at 435,00 deaths (Kapperler Potter, 2005, p. 203). Also, there were 85,000 deaths from alcohol and another 16,700 from alcohol-related motor vehicle crashes. This article stated facts conducted from a experiment that Professor Nutt and colleagues performed with the help of experts. Due to the information that was stated, this article is factual and had no intent of providing myths about the subject. The three factors that the researchers creates a measurement to determine the rankings. This scale shows accuracy and helps support validity and reliability. It’s important to know the truth about this topic because many people think that marijuana and some other illegal drugs are more dangerous than alcohol and tobacco. However, the article informs people that alcohol and tobacco are more harmful than one thinks and that countries should provide a different way to classify drugs. References Alcohol . (2006, March 06). Retrieved from https://www. gdcada. org/statistics/alcohol. htm Cocaine and crack cocaine abuse. (n. d. ). Retrieved from http:/www. psychiatric-disorders. com/articles/substance-abuse/cocaine-abuse. php Conroy, S. (2007, March 24). Alcohol, tobacco worse than illegal drugs. Associates Press, Retrieved from

The Debate Between Creationists And Evolutionary Theorists

Rachel Summers Professor Hughs Philosophy 101 16 December 2016 The Debate Between Creationists and Evolutionary Theorists The subject of origins, or how we got here, is one of the most fundamental questions that can be asked. The important question of why we are here can’t be answered by science alone. How we answer these questions provides the basis for how we think about things, it defines our world-view. The Evolution vs. Creation debate is often referred to as the Great Debate. 20th century science has made the compelling discovery that, at some point, the universe began. Both sides of the debate Evolutionists and Creationists agree on one thing only, that the universe has not always existed. This is where their agreement ends. The why and how the universe began is where the division and dispute begins. There are two basic theories in this debate. The first is the historical default, the creation model of origins. This theory maintains that the intricate design infiltrates all things, which implies a designer. The second theory is th e more recent, atheistic explanation, the evolution model of origins. This theory suggests that the intricate design infiltrates all things and is a product of random chance and excessive time. A creationist is one who rejects scientific explanations for the origin of life and the universe, preferring a hypothesis of supernatural creation by a designer named God. The belief that people were created by God, in the image of God, is atShow MoreRelatedCreationism vs. Darwinism: A Comparative Analysis1530 Words   |  6 Pagesbasis for creationist beliefs. Additionally, Darwinism is explored and the differences between Creationism and Darwinism are analyzed. Despite overwhelming evidence that supports the existence and validity of Darwinism, there are still arguments made that attempt to discredit evolution. The battle between Creationists and Darwinists extends beyond science and religion and has proliferated academia. Although this issue has often been presented before the courts at a federal level, Creationists have repeatedlyRead MoreThe Effects Of Clinical Depression On An Individual s Dreaming1485 Words   |  6 Pagesenergies and desires that are derived from the id) wishes or offsetting emotional strategies as proposed by psychodynamic theorists like Freud and Jung. Hall devised this theory through standardized dream content scoring inventories. He used this method to demonstrate that the most frequently occurring images or ideas were not peculiar events but rather routine social interactions between the dreamer and their most regular acquaintances. The psychological factors that affect one’s dreaming would be anyRead MoreA Debate On Gods Revelation Of God1984 Words   |  8 Pagescompromise of reinterpreting Genesis to fit in evolution and millions of years, which undermines biblical authority.† Ultimately, what’s at stake in this debate is more than just a magic number of years. This debate’s significance centers on God’s revelation of Himself in Scripture and whether Scripture is relevant today or not. This issue has only become a debate in the last couple hundred years. Before the Enlightenment, people in Western cultures accepted the young earth view because the scriptural accountRead MoreEvolution vs. Intelligent Design Essay3619 Words   |  15 PagesPhilosophers, natural scientists, and theologians have long historical records of dealing with the explanations of mankinds origin, function, purpose, and ultimate destiny1. In a seemingly never-ending process of debate and debunk, the scie ntific community has clung fast to evolutionary theory as a matter of proven fact. Those opposing this view have, over the course of the twentieth century, morphed the creationistic view into something more, along the way gaining the support of a small portionRead MoreEssay on The Fallacy in Teaching Macroevolution as Scientific Theory2237 Words   |  9 Pages2011 A seemingly endless debate continues over the legitimacy of teaching evolutionary theory in classrooms, particularly in communities where religion plays a prominent role in community life. Some church leaders, teachers and school board members argue that alternate explanations provided by creationists or proponents of intelligent design should be taught alongside those of evolutionary theorists in science classrooms. People who are proponents of evolutionary theory are quick to offer aRead MoreHumans s Views On The Evolution Of The World And The Life That Inhabits It1869 Words   |  8 Pagesresistant to the evidence and scientific proof of evolution, and will creationists ever begin to accept the proven facts that invalidate everything they think is true about creationism? Creationism is a view that less than fifty percent of Americans believe in. According to an article on Stanford’s website, a creationist is someone who believes in a god who is the absolute creator of everything that inhabits the earth.1 Creationists strongly oppose a world brought on by evolution, particularly a worldRead MoreThe Impact Of Religion On The Public School System2185 Words   |  9 Pagesbecome reigning influence on world’s views. Scientific analysis has led to conclusions that provide an alternate justification for the origin of life, countering many widespread religious beliefs. Consequently, this results in a persistent dispute between the scientific community and these faithful believers. Because of the alleged legitimacy of science, society has a difficult time refuting the claims made by the science community. The significant dependability on scientific perspective creates confusionRead MoreEssay Can Intelligent Design be Empirically Proven2734 Wo rds   |  11 Pagesthat common descent is the case, albeit for reasons other than the Darwinian mechanism† (Young, 45). Common descent is the general term that is oftentimes used by advocates of the Darwinist ideology. The term is used to describe the common ancestry between species. For example, by looking at fossil records, scientists are able to point out that mankind and primates share a similar physiology with one another. Proponents may agree with some parts of common descent, but only if they are allowed to claim

The Christian Century Free Essays

This article is written by Jimmy Carter, the thirty-ninth President of United States (1977-1981).   The article was published in   The Christian Century on September 20, 2005 in page No.32-35. We will write a custom essay sample on The Christian Century or any similar topic only for you Order Now This article was retrieved only for the purpose of academic pursuit and to gain more understanding from the article about Christian living.   In this task, the article written by Hon.Jimmy Carter, is being analyzed with all the due respect and honor to Sir.Jimmy Carter with a request to grant permit for the article analysis. Former President Hon.Jimmy Carter is presently associated with Maranatha Baptist Church in Plains, Georgia. The discussion is focused particularly about Christian diversions and what are the negative effects that Christian ministries are faced with in the present day church society. It is a great challenge to church leaders as well to the ministerial work that is carried in Christianity.   In letter to Galatians, St.Paul indicated that the three churches established in Lystra, Iconium and Derbe to where St.Paul began the first missionary journey,   where there was huge congregation in the beginning, began to become divided radically from the faith due to the rise of other requirements from leaders for acceptance and retention of fellowship which lead to chaos and disagreements among churches. This is a great threat and does not hold good for missionary work as well for Christian believers about churches unity.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Basic fundamental mistake was being committed by church leaders in Galatia who were departing from the gospel of Christ and were interested in adopting facets of Jewish law and circumcision.   The denominations are man-made viz., Methodist, Baptist, Presbyterians, Mennonites, Quakers and Catholics. There are also other issues in the article about fundamentalism, women preachers and about leadership of church.   St.Paul â€Å"Now I appeal to you, brothers and sisters, by the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, that all of you be in agreement and that there be no divisions among you, but that you be united in the same mind and the same purpose†(1 Cor 1:10). Author’s (Jimmy Carter) favorite Bible verse â€Å"Be kind one to another, tenderhearted, forgiving one another, as God in Christ has forgiven you† (Ephes 4:32)†. Article is reflecting on present day leadership in various denominations of church, women leadership in the church and whether such situation existed in the days of St.Paul.   The thesis of the Author is, follow and practice what St.Paul did in taking the gospel of Jesus Christ to various places and building congregations and not Christian radical associations or depicting superiority of men over women. Jesus Christ gave equal importance to women at par with men and never degraded women at any point of time throughout Jesus missionary work.   It was also stated here that women who would like to preach the gospel of Christ must   â€Å"Any woman who prays or prophesies with her head unveiled disgraces her head – it is one and the same thing as having her head shaved. For if a woman will not veil herself, then she should cut off her hair† Further the author states that as St.Paul stated â€Å"When I came to you, brothers and sisters, I did not come proclaiming the mystery of God to you in lofty words or wisdom. For I decided to know nothing among you except Jesus Christ, and him crucified† (I Cor 2:1-2)   The essence of the gospel should be that we are saved by the grace of God through faith in Jesus Christ and this is sufficient to carry on faith and religion and there is nothing much more important than this either to God or to Christians and believers of Jesus Christ. The article is in close association with New Testament especially with St.Paul missionary work that was much highly spirited in Galatia and in Corinth.   Paul through various missionary letters motivated friends, church leaders and even congregation in those times. Christian religion is one of the world’s most popular religion and there are many Christian churches around the world in various denominations. It is important to carry the unity and integrity of Christian religion whereas politics in Christian denominations, racism, gender differences and other social issues should not be included in gospel work or in church leaderships. Churches are basically human institutions wherein Christ believers grow in faith, carry gospel work and develop social and communal harmony which is the sole motive of any religion.     St.Paul confronted several problems in missionary work and in carrying the gospel of Christ and St.Paul did not give up and instead motivated associates towards evangelism and stated its importance. This article is an excellent piece of writing, that must really be an inspiration to those who are endeavoring in gospel work and those who are actively participant in building up of new churches in various places. Reference Jimmy Carter (2005) ,Back to Fundamentals Accessed May 9, 2008 http://www.religion-online.org/showarticle.asp?title=3249    How to cite The Christian Century, Essay examples

Evolution of square dancing Essay Example For Students

Evolution of square dancing Essay What do the words square dance mean to you? For most they bring on images of red barns full of men in cowboy hats and women in gingham dresses skipping along as a fiddler plays and the cows and horses look on. These dances are often thought of as a thing of the 1930s or something we see in movies such as Oklahoma. However, the form we know of today has far outgrown that stigma. Square dancing is popular across the world and is performed by all ages. Square dance groups attend conferences, clinics, and competitions year round. There are also many magazines and newsletters devoted to the people addicted to this dance. The square dance, four couples in a set who are led by a caller through a variety of maneuvers and formations1 , has gone through many changes over the past centuries. Originally, it is believed to have come from the longways, or contra, dance. Performed as two parallel lines of dancers it was shortened later to form what is now known as square dancing. The contra dance can be found in seventeenth century Spanish dances that consist of the crossing of two columns and early English country-dance, two circles that return to their original lines. These dances were passed down through the generations and were merely memorized, but in 1650, the steps were written out. However, the body formations were not entirely explained, so many past steps are not known. The tradition of calling the dances did not come until later. During the eighteenth century, religious groups rallied against dance, calling it devilish. Early Puritans, however, showed evidence of loving it. One English author, John Bunyon, said all good people dance, from the angels down. .2 The acceptance of dancing varied from preacher to preacher and upon acceptance a dance master would announce to the town that dance classes would be held for the people for the next couple of days. Dance masters traveled the country fostering the growth of the dance, reaching out to people that would have never been exposed to such things. Upon a military alliance with France following the Revolution, French dance masters came to America introducing variations of their contra dance that had been shortened to line dances with four couples. These became known as quadrilles- a forerunner of American Square Dance.3 An anti-British sentiment caused the quadrilles to grow in popularity due to the Americans insistence on not supporting any English dances. In 18 48, the West brought forth another new type of dance called a cotillion. These consisted of a square formation that was led by a fiddler who called, or gave a series of directions, to the dancers. So began the start of what we now know to be modern square dancing. The breakdown of the modern square dance begins with the four major subdivisions: the introduction, the main figure, breaks, and the final terminating movement. In the introduction, the dancers in each set all move at the same time and these moves are interchangeable for almost any square dance. The second part, the main figure, consists of the bulk of the dance- a series of maneuvers. Dancers may have one couple perform a figure or the females may dance in unison and then the males. These are usually done four times. The breaks, or trimmings, are put in between each main figure and like the introduction, are often interchangeable. The breaks allow the dancers a slight break before continuing. For the final part of the dan ce, known as the terminating movement, the dancers perform together and the caller usually decides upon its content. The formation of a square dance is composed of four couples standing on the sides of a hollow square, facing toward the center.4 Each of the couples stand on one side of the square. The man stands to the left of the female. Some basic terms that are used when referring to the formation are couple, set, station, head and side. A couple means two persons who are partners in the dance.5 A set is a group of four couples that dance together. The station is each couples position in the set. Couples that stand at first and third are known as the head whereas those at second and fourth are the side couples. From these basic formations, the dance becomes more complex as other techniques are introduced. In order to participate in square dances of today, dancers must learn a set of basic movements and techniques. These movements are one or two word commands such as the ladies ch ain or wheel around 6 that are the basics for the dance. By knowing these maneuvers the dancers will be in the positions necessary for the next call. Each step compliments the other so that the dance will go smoothly and without error. There are five skill levels attached to square dancers depending on the movements and techniques they know. The first, the Basic Plateau, covers the first forty-nine basic movements and is estimated to take ten two and a half-hour lessons to achieve. Extended basics come next, followed by Mainstream, which has eighty-five basics. The fourth level, Plus Movements, is a step above Mainstream. Some dancers reach the Advanced Plateau or Challenge Plateau, the highest accomplishment. To make a square dance complete a good caller must lead the group. There are many different techniques to calling. Each one helps the dancers through the different figures and patterns allowing the dance to run perfectly. The easiest call is known as the command call, where th e caller simply calls out each command and then waits until the next one. This type often accompanies hoedowns due to the type of music used. Patter calls are command calls with an extra excitement to them. Between the commands, meaningless, funny words are added in to spice it up. Another type of call is the singing calls. A well-known song is used with the calls substituted in for the original words. This type of technique limits the flexibility of the callers phrasing because only certain words can be inserted into each song. Hash calling changes the methods of patter calling by switching the commands where the dancers do not anticipate it. This requires an experienced caller as well as experienced dancers who can keep up with the constant changes in the routine. Death Of Salesman (4885 words) Essay6. Harris, Jane A., Dance A While. New York: Macmillan 7. Greene, Hank. Square and Folk Dancing: A Complete Guide for Students, Teachers and Callers. New York: Harper and Row,Bibliography:BibliographyBrown, Don. 1999. What is Square Dance? Online: http://members.aol.com/drbrown770/whatis.htm. Greene, Hank. Square and Folk Dancing: A Complete Guide for Students, Teachers and Callers. New York: Harper and Row, Publishers, Inc., 1984. Harris, Jane A., Dance A While. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co., 1988. Kraus, Richard G., Square Dances of Today. New York: A.S. Barnes and Co., 1950. McBride, George and Joyce. 1999. Whats a 50/50 Anniversary? Online:http://www.dosido.com/asd/february99/cover.shtml. Shaw, Lloyd. Cowboy Dances. Caldwell, Idaho: Caxton Printers, Ltd., 1941.